International nonprofits

# International nonprofits

**November 17, 2022**

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# Plan for today

.box-6.medium.sp-after[What are INGOs and what do they do?]

.box-1.medium.sp-after[INGOs in dictatorships]

.box-3.medium[Final projects]

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# What are INGOs and what do they do?

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# SO MANY ACRONYMS

.box-inv-6[NGO = Nongovernmental organization .small[Basically the same as a nonprofit, but has connotation of non-US-based]]

.box-inv-6.small[INGO = International NGO]

.box-inv-6.small[GONGO = Government-operated NGO]

.box-inv-6.small[BONGO = Briefcase-operated NGO / Business NGO]

.box-inv-6.small[QUANGO = Quasi NGO]

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# INGOS

.box-inv-6.medium[NGOs that are based in one country and work in another]

.box-6[In the US they're still 501(c)(3)s and everything we've learned in this class applies to them]

???

- Health / medical / emergencies - doctors without borders, red cross, IRC
- Human rights / legal - amnesty, journalists without borders, HRW, 
- Development - BRAC, Heifer Foundation, Oxfam, Care
- Environment - WWF, Environmental Defense Fund

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# What do INGOs do?

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# What do INGOs do?

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background-image: url("img/13/freedom-from-fear@3x.png")
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# INGOs and political power

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# Transnational advocacy

.pull-left[
.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/liberator.png" alt="'Am I not a Woman and a Sister?'" title="'Am I not a Woman and a Sister?'" width="80%">
</figure>
]
]

.pull-right[
.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/killer-robots.jpg" alt="Killer Robots" title="Killer Robots" width="100%">
</figure>
]
]

???

1837 *The Liberator*: <https://www.dhr.history.vt.edu/modules/us/mod04_women/index.html>

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# Opposing states

.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/boomerang-1@3x.png" alt="INGO boomerang" title="INGO boomerang" width="38%">
</figure>
]

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# Opposing states

.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/boomerang-2@3x.png" alt="INGO boomerang" title="INGO boomerang" width="38%">
</figure>
]

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# Opposing states

.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/boomerang-3@3x.png" alt="INGO boomerang" title="INGO boomerang" width="38%">
</figure>
]

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# Opposing states

.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/boomerang-4@3x.png" alt="INGO boomerang" title="INGO boomerang" width="38%">
</figure>
]

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# Collaborating with states

.pull-left-3[
.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/01/lhi.jpg" alt="LHI logo" title="LHI logo" width="100%">
</figure>
]
]

.pull-middle-3[
.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/Muslim_Brotherhood_Logo.png" alt="Muslim Brotherhood logo" title="Muslim Brotherhood logo" width="80%">
</figure>
]
]

.pull-right-3[
.center[
 
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/LOGO_ARTICLE_19.jpg" alt="Article 19 logo" title="Article 19 logo" width="100%">
</figure>
]
]

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# Replace states

.pull-left[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/pic_1030.jpg" alt="NGO class in Haiti" title="NGO class in Haiti" width="100%">
</figure>
]

.pull-right[
<iframe width="610" height="343" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/aqGQ1IRhdzg" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
]

???

<http://www.haitianinternet.com/photos/photo-haiti-ngo-class.html>

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# Issues with INGOs

.box-inv-6.medium[Global moral compass]

.box-inv-6.medium[Modular techniques]

.box-inv-6.medium[Claim to be above politics]

.box-inv-6.medium[Representativeness]

???

**Global moral compass**: INGOs appoint themselves as moral authorities for their issue - that drives their mission - and that's fine. That's what even domestic nonprofits do

Amnesty decided that people shouldn't be imprisoned for their beliefs, so now they're an authentic moral compass for global human rights

**Modular techniques**: practices and programs that an NGO does to address its issues

Letter writing, adopting a child, easily replicable and portable

**Secular sanction**: NGOS have to be above politics—but they also have to get political authority from states to act (ironic!)

**Representative claim**: INGOs claim to speak for or empower the people

NGOs in Egypt can overthrow government or reinforce governmental legitimacy - Muslim Brotherhood provides social services as a rival to the state + human rights NGOs are permitted to operate to make it look like the government is more open to human rights; they can be tracked by intelligence services better; government can manage the political impact of activists; foreign funding to NGOs enters the Egyptian economy

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name: ingos-dictatorships
class: center middle section-title section-title-1 animated fadeIn

# INGOs in dictatorships

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.box-1.large[Why do dictators let (I)NGOs work in their country?]

---

.pull-left[
.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/lds-charities@2x.png" alt="LDS Charities" title="LDS Charities" width="70%">
</figure>
]
]

.pull-right[
.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/mubarak-1@2x-80.jpg" alt="Hosni Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak" width="100%">
</figure>
]
]

---

.pull-left[
.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/lds-charities@2x.png" alt="LDS Charities" title="LDS Charities" width="70%">
</figure>
]
]

.pull-right[
.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/mubarak-2@2x-80.jpg" alt="Hosni Mubarak and the Coptic Church" title="Hosni Mubarak and the Coptic Church" width="100%">
</figure>
]
]

---

.pull-left[
.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/china1.jpeg" alt="National Security Education Day 2017 1" title="National Security Education Day 2017 1" width="100%">
</figure>
]
]

.pull-right[
.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/china2.jpeg" alt="National Security Education Day 2017 2" title="National Security Education Day 2017 2" width="100%">
</figure>
]
]

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.pull-left[
.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/china3.jpeg" alt="National Security Education Day 2017 3" title="National Security Education Day 2017 3" width="100%">
</figure>
]
]

.pull-right[
.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/china4.jpeg" alt="National Security Education Day 2017 4" title="National Security Education Day 2017 4" width="100%">
</figure>
]
]

---

.pull-left[
.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/china-law.png" alt="China's 2017 NGO law" title="China's 2017 NGO law" width="100%">
</figure>
]
]

.pull-right[
.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/greenpeace-china.jpeg" alt="Greenpeace China" title="Greenpeace China" width="70%">
</figure>
]
]

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# Institutional balancing

.pull-left-narrow[
.box-inv-1[To stay in power, dictators must give some power to rival institutions, but in a controlled and safe way]
]

.pull-right-wide[
.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/institutional-balancing@3x.png" alt="Institutional balancing" title="Institutional balancing" width="100%">
</figure>
]
]

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# "Donning democratic garb"

.box-inv-1.medium[Dictators use democratic-ish institutions in the service of regime stability]

.center.sp-before[
.float-left[.box-1[Elections]&ensp;.box-1[Parliaments]]

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# NGOs as institutions

.box-inv-1.medium[(I)NGOs are yet another institution that dictators have to deal with when pursuing regime stability]

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# NGOs in dictatorships

.box-inv-1.less-medium[PTAs, networks, and .color-5[**supporting**] state power]

.box-inv-1.less-medium["Standing up to city hall" and .color-5[**challenging**] state power]

.box-inv-1.less-medium[NGO fiefdoms and .color-5[**replacing**] state power]

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background-image: url("img/13/crackdown-2@2x.png")
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background-image: url("img/13/crackdown-4@2x.png")
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# Costs and benefits of INGOs

.box-inv-1.medium[Boomerangs and spirals]
]

.box-inv-8.medium[Bestow legitimacy to regime]
]

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# Legal restrictions

.box-inv-1.medium[Dictators use laws to avoid costs, reap benefits of NGOs]

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# Varying enforcement

.box-inv-1.less-medium[Just because a law exists doesn't mean it is followed]

.center[
<figure>
 <img src="img/13/plot-egypt-cs.png" alt="Disconnect between de facto and de jure civil society restrictions in Egypt" title="Disconnect between de facto and de jure civil society restrictions in Egypt" width="85%">
 <figcaption>Civil society regulations in Egypt</figcaption>
</figure>
]

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# Adjusting to the legal environment

<figure>
 <img src="img/13/international-media-support.png" alt="International Media Support's different strategies" title="International Media Support's different strategies" width="100%">
 <figcaption>International Media Support's different strategies</figcaption>
</figure>

]

???

International Media Support

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# Final projects